How Does Organizational Change Manifest Organizational Behavior Research Paper

How Does Organizational Change Manifest Organizational Behavior - Research Paper Example The intention of this study is organizational culture as a set of values and beliefs that guides employees on how and when to perform a task. It also states what kind of behavior is expected from the employees and accordingly behaviour should be moulded to fit into the organization’s structure. However, there is a great difference between the perceived behavior and actual behaviour. There is no guarantee or assurance that employees would think and behave in an expected manner. Behaviours are driven by the impact of internal and external factors and thus would differ from what the organization dictates. Organizational culture is the supreme force that shapes the behavior, attitude and understanding of employees within the organization. Culture is a set of rules and values shared amongst the employees. The organizational culture shapes employees perceptions and ideologies along with striking the right cord with the ideologies and beliefs of the organization. Organizational cultu re can be considered as a psychological contract between the employees and the employer based on few formal and informal rules and regulations. There is no denying that behavior and attitude is shaped by the culture and the organization is responsible to offer a positive shape based on ethically accepted principles and norms to create long term mutual support and benefits. The organizational culture of the Turkish National Police is different from that of private companies based on informal communication and approach. The Turkish National Police Administration’s culture is centralized, paramilitary and semi bureaucratic that suggests that employees are supposed to think and behave as per the written and prescribed rules of the organization. This kind of approach may attract conflicts of ideas and understanding that might not shape employee’

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 67

Journal - Essay Example On the contrary, reading books encourage readers to slow down and think about what is being communicated by the author. Consequently, there is a relationship that is formed between the reader and the author. Moreover, the reader is able to empathize with characters in novels which make them able to understand other people’s feelings and thoughts. Therefore, Paul suggests that reading novels and other printed reading materials can make people smarter and better social beings. In order to make her readers take the matter seriously, Paul opens her article with a statement made by Gregory Currie, a professor of philosophy at the University of Nottingham in the New York Times. This background establishes that the argument Paul is about to present is worth delving into. Right on the second paragraph, the author shows that the professor’s claim contradict what studies show, making the article more intriguing and interesting. Throughout the article, Paul cites examples which validate her claims. She maintains a serious and passionate tone as she explains the importance of the subject matter at hand and why readers should also consider her arguments in the same

Impact of Listening to Music on Concentration

Impact of Listening to Music on Concentration Mohunisha Mahendra Abstract A few understudies listen to music to counter the impacts of anxiety or tension while finishing troublesome scholarly assignments. A few studies supporting this system have demonstrated that mood melodies advances cognitive exhibitions while different studies have demonstrated that listening to music while occupied with complex cognitive errands can debilitate execution. This study concentrates on the effect contrast sorts of music, played at the same volume levels; have on the cognitive capacities of school understudies finishing scholarly assignments. Introduction Numerous understudies listen to music to lighten the enthusiastic impacts of anxiety and nervousness when occupied with complex cognitive preparing, for example, concentrating on for a test, finishing homework assignments, or while perusing and composing. This practice is common to the point that it would be helpful for school understudies to comprehend the part that music plays on cognitive execution. Exploration exhibiting the impacts of music on execution is decently archived, however have demonstrated vague proof on this matter. In studies led to find out about the impacts of musical diversion on cognitive undertaking execution, the discoveries have showed the thought of music enhancing cognitive execution (Cockerton, Moore, Norman, 1997), at the same time there has additionally been examination negating those outcomes, where music was discovered occupying for members performing cognitive tasks (Furnham Bradely, 1997). On the other hand, with the plenty of music classifications accessible to music audience members, it is critical to see how diverse sorts of music effect execution. The present study means to comprehend the impact of listening to distinctive kinds of music at the same volume level on cognitive undertaking execution. Numerous understudies decide to listen to a favored sort of music when they concentrate on or get their work done without comprehension the potential hurtful impacts of such practice. A study directed by Smith and Morris (1977) tended to this inquiry by concentrating on the impacts of soothing and stimulative music. The study concentrated on the impact these two unique classifications of music have on execution, uneasiness, and fixation. Members needed to show their favored sort and were asked for to rehash an arrangement of numbers rearward while listening to either the stimulative, narcotic, or no music. The outcomes demonstrated that members performed more terrible while listening to their favored sort of music. These outcomes demonstrate that a favored kind of music can serve as an occupying element when one is occupied with a cognitively requesting errand maybe because of the way that less cognitive assets are accessible when the consideration is attracted to the verses, feeling s, and memories that such music can bring out. Members who listened to narcotic music performed better than members who listened to simulative music and more regrettable than the individuals who listened to no music whatsoever. The impact of music on cognitive execution has likewise been connected to identity sorts. They anticipated that extraverts would beat loners in the vicinity of music. The members were obliged to perform two cognitive tasks: a memory test with both a prompt and a deferred review and a perusing cognizance test. The two undertakings would be finished in the popular music condition and in quiet. The outcomes discovered that quick review on the memory test was seriously weakened for both thoughtful people and extraverts when the popular music was played. In the deferred review segment of the memory test, thoughtful people demonstrated fundamentally poorer review than did extraverts in the popular music condition and in addition self observers in the noiseless condition. Additionally the contemplative peoples execution on the perusing understanding errand in the popular music condition was disabled when contrasted with extraverts in the same condition and to self observers who performed th e assignment in silence. In general, the scientists verified that popular music served as a distracter for the cognitive execution of both extraverts and contemplative people; notwithstanding, self observers appeared to be generally influenced. Interestingly, this study uncovered some proof that general foundation clamor, for example, TV, music, and chat could enhance execution in unpredictable cognitive assignments for extraverts, despite the fact that it will essentially debilitate loners execution (Furnham Bradley, 1997). Studies including commotion as a diversion have showed the same questionable results with respect to their impact on cognitive preparing as studies including mood melodies. Dobbs, Furnham, and McClelland (2011) led a study that tried the impact of distracters, particularly foundation clamor and music, on cognitive assignments for self observers and extraverts. The specialists estimated that execution, for both thoughtful people and extraverts, would be more regrettable in the vicinity of music and commotion than it would be in quiet; particularly, for all the cognitive assignments, execution would reduce in the vicinity of foundation clamor, enhance with just mood melodies, and be ideal in silence. The discoveries reinforced their expectations and demonstrated that cognitive execution in quiet was superior to execution with mood melodies, which thus was superior to execution with foundation commotion. The outcomes additionally showed that, generally, execution in silence was best whe n contrasted with execution in foundation commotion and music (Dobbs, Furnham, McClelland, 2011). Interestingly, a study directed by Pool (2002), checked the diverting impacts of foundation TV on homework execution and did not discover any huge disability on homework assignments when understudies were diverted by TV while dealing with those assignments. These discoveries demonstrate that foundation commotion, much the same as mood melodies sways cognitive execution in ways that have not been completely seen via specialists. Although past examination has built that music can either divert or encourage cognitive undertaking execution, enhanced execution in the vicinity of music may be specifically identified with the kind of music listened to (Cockerton, Moore, Norman, 1997). A study led by Hallman, Price, and Katsarou, (2002) reinforced this contention. Indeed, they tried the impact of quieting and unwinding music on number-crunching and memory execution tests in kids running from ages ten to twelve. They discovered better execution on both assignments in the cooling and unwinding music condition when contrasted and a no-music condition. They additionally tried these kids in an exciting, forceful, and offensive music condition, and the outcomes demonstrated that their execution on both errands was intensely upset and prompted a lower level of reported unselfish conduct by the youngsters (Hallman, Price, Katsarou, 2002). In spite of the fact that these information did not find that smoothing music impro ved execution, one may infer that this kind of music can give a relieving situation that comforts understudies, encouraging cognitive preparing. The present study considers the impacts of two separate sorts of music at same intensities on cognitive undertaking execution and contrasted them with assignments performed in quiet. It was anticipated that assignments performed in silence would yield preferred results over errands performed in rock music and calm music, showing that music is a distracter to cognitive execution. Methodology Participants Fifteen undergraduate students were chosen randomly (six girls, 9 boys), going in age from 18 to 25 years from the Auston Institute of Management, Colombo took part in this study. Members were chosen from engineering and management class. All undergraduates took an interest on a willful premise. Materials The same paper was given to each group with the same time span. The test comprised 20 separate operations, for example, 5 Multiplication, 5 Division, 5 Addition, and 5 Subtraction issues alongside 3 Critical intuition questions. All the questions were similar in difficulty. Cake face by Steve Aoki was played for techno and Relaxation piano music by Chopin was played for Calm Music. Both were played in normal volume. Procedures The study was led in rooms assigned by the Auston Institute of Management. Every group had 5 members and the same paper was given to each group. The members were clarified that music would be played while they solved the inquiries on the test. Techno was played for Group A in normal volume. Soft music was played for Group B in normal volume, and Group C was asked to do the paper in quiet. The members were given forty five minutes to comprehend the test and they were not permitted to utilize a calculator or whatever other electronic gadget to finish the inquiries on the test. Results The independent variable was the kind of music played and the dependent variable was the execution score, which was measured regarding precise answers got in each of the tests. The tests were not reviewed for completion yet for only precision. The average execution score for Group A in which Techno was played is 64.6 while the average execution score of Group B in which Calm music was played is 66. Both the groups A and B took additional time to complete the paper. Group A took 15 minutes in addition and Group B took 10 minutes in addition. The average execution of Group C in which the undergraduates performed in quiet is 91.2 and they found themselves able to complete the test before the given time span. Discussion The present study tried to show the effect of distinctive classifications of music played at the same volume and in silence on cognitive execution. Members performed the best in silence than they did in any music conditions. However there is no much distinction when the execution score of delicate music was contrasted with scores from techno. They discovered that execution is weakened with music and streamlined with no music (Smith and Morris, 1977). Notwithstanding, their study uncovered that members performed better while listening to narcotic music than they did while listening to rock music, though the current trial discovered no huge distinction in test scores between the techno and delicate music. Another hypothesis recommended that execution would be better in the delicate music condition when contrasted with the rock music condition in light of the fact that it was accepted that established music would give a positive, mitigating, and agreeable environment for the members because of its unwinding tone that will encourage data transforming. In view of these outcomes, the vicinity of verses and the steady utilization of louder instruments, for example, drum, bass, and electrical guitar to the overwhelming metal rock music can be seen as purposes behind the distracting impacts. The specimen size was the significant confinement of this study. Huge specimens could have given more solid hugeness that could be summed up to the school understudy populace. Because of the constrained accessibility of members, this study was directed having 5 individuals in every gathering. The succession in which the tests were given was not randomized all through the test; all things considered learning impacts could represent the change in later tests as the study advanced. Future exploration ought to endeavor to change the arrangement in which the tests are managed to ensure that the outcomes got are those of the treatment impacts and to take out or decrease conceivable learning impacts. Configuration of the room could likewise be an alternate constraint to this trial. Members were situated in the room could have had an impact on how the music was listened. Subsequently, for members sitting closer to the speakers, the music was louder than the individuals who were perched on the opposite side of the room. This fluctuation in volume level may have either decidedly or contrarily influenced the outcomes. Although, a portion of the outcomes from this study demonstrated that the number juggling issues were a sufficient apparatus to evaluate the cognitive execution; on the other hand, they may have been excessively basic for the understudies on the university level to perform. Moreover, there were no scientific based level appraisals directed before the study. Members with stronger aptitudes would have a had an one-sided focal point, while those with lower scientific abilities would have had an one-sided weakness. Future examination ought to plan to outline more intricate cognitive transforming tests, for example, memory tests or perusing appreciation questions from government sanctioned tests like GRE or the SAT. This could give a more precise delineation of the members cognitive transforming capacities. Conclusion Interestingly it is essential to call attention to that execution scores were essentially higher when members finished the tests in silent condition. Through this procedure it can be suggested that it is simpler to process data in the vicinity of an insignificant level of preoccupation. It can be suggested that understudies ought not listen to any music or permit any sound-related aggravation while mulling over to acquire most extreme execution level. Understudies ought to endeavor to study and learn in a domain, for example, the library or a private study room that is as peaceful as could be expected under the circumstances, particularly when the material requires higher concentration a higher cognitive handling. Results from current study showed that it is so essential to consider the impacts of occupying music on cognitive execution. The information from this study has exhibited that silence is the best environment to augment execution when taking part in cognitive movement. Reference Cockerton, T. Moore, S. Norman, D, Cognitive test performance and background music. Perceptual and Motor Skills (1997) Dobbs, S. Furnham McClelland. The effect of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts.(2011) Furnham Bradley, Music while you work: The differential distraction of background music on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts (1997) Hallman, S.Price, J. Katsarou, G. The effects of background music on primary schools pupils task performance.(2002) Smith, C.A. Morris, L.W. Differential effects of stimulative and sedative music anxiety, concentration, and performance. (1997)

Reality TV :: Television Media

Whether we watch a group of people live together in a house (big brother), or watch them build the house (the Block), reality television exposes that little peeping tom in all of us. Reality TV satisfies that instinct of prying into the personal affairs of others, and the reality of reality television is that as humans we enjoy this. Reality TV is not much different from normal programs, like any program, reality television has the essentials, it has a mix of characters, it puts those characters in situation, and the result is usually a failure or success. But the catch of reality television is that the characters are real people, the story is not scripted, and with any failure or successes comes emotion. But does this reality TV revolution present the viewers with real life? Or does it present what the TV producers want the viewers to see? Reality TV is built on the foundations of exposing and exciting human emotions. In this aspect reality TV has successfully portrayed human emotions. The cameras have captured all features of being humans. For example, Survivor consists mainly of emotions associated with survival, leadership, the failure and success as co-operating as a team. The cameras have successfully conveyed to the audience all these emotions, and the stories connected with these emotions. There is no doubt that reality TV presents the viewers with small aspects of real life. Reality TV provides the viewers with true conflicts and emotions that have been felt. However, in the attempt to portray all traits of real life, I believe reality TV often fails. There are many contributing factors to this failure. There is the reality that like any show, reality TV’s goal is to obtain and keep viewers. With only an approximate hour of television each week it is difficult to include all stories. Therefore storylines and parts are often cut out, edited or deleted. This not only helps by keeping the show to the hour, it also is used to obtain the most interesting show. By doing this TV stations secure viewers and can get more advertising money. The result is we don’t always hear the absolute truth to any story. Some aspects of reality TV are cut because they threaten our idea about a character. For example in Big Brother there may be a character that is disliked and is receiving many phone votes.

Effect of Exercise Training During Lactation Essay

The article chose review is â€Å"Effect of exercise training on loss of bone mineral density during lactation†. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise slows bone loss from four to twenty postpartum. The problem was that during lactation women move breast milk. After finishing breast feeding bone mass usually returns to pre pregnancy but not in all and this is the problem. The participants were healthy ,nonsmoking , sedentary ,exclusively breast feeding women with a body mass index of twenty to thirty kg.m.women were not allowed to join if they had cesarean delivery or if the exercise more than two days a week three months before. There were twenty participants all together. They all were cleared by a physician before participating. The instruments and test used for this experiment was for the body composition and bone density they used a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For the assessment of cardio respiratory fitness and strength a sub maximal graded treadmill test was used. For the assessment of dietary intake by twenty four hour recall over the telephone using the nutrition data system for research software. For exercise intervention women were randomly assigned to either an EG or a CG. For the statistical analysis data were analyzed with JMP software. The testing procedures were with the body composition a whole- body was given three times a week and a step phantom were given one day a week .With the assessment cardio respiratory fitness and strength did sub maximal graded treadmill test were used. Exercise intervention used a complete sixteen week home based exercise program. The results were The EG lost a lot less LS BMD than CG. They were no great differences in total body and hip BMD. Both groups loss fat mass but, EG lost less lean body mass. Maximal strength increased by 34% to 221% for EG in the CG changed from -5.7% to 12%. â€Å"These results suggest that resistance and aerobic exercise may slow bone loss during lactation. In these experiments I felt like some of the strengths were that this was a good experiment to do. That it would help a lot of women because a lot of women have babies during the time that they are trying to build up bone density. I also like how in depth the experiment went. Strength was that they gave them specific training program that they can do from home. Which I feel is extremely important especially to new born moms. This article is important to me because I myself want to be a mom some day and bone density is important to me .My grandmother has osteoporosis so increasing my bone density is very important to me. I think I can use this in my future profession by informing my pregnant patients and mothers that are already breast feeding about this and showing them ways to improve bone density. Work Cited Lovelady,C.a,Bopp,M.J,Colleran,H.J,Mackie,H.k.Wideman,L(2009). Effect of Exercise Training on Loss of Bone Mineral Density during Lactation.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,41(10),1902-1907. http://journals.lww.com/acsm msse/Fulltext/2009/10000/Effect_of_Exercise_Training_on_Loss_of_Bone.10.aspx

Monologue of Inspector Calls Essay

That morning I was scared and devastated to go back to that shop Milwards that day. Although father forced me he still doesn’t believe what he’s done while I was going to the shop people kept on talking quietly but I knew they were talking behind my back as it was just obvious. I was shocked as father didn’t want the matter to go out in public due to his reputation and his honour. I was ashamed to be walking in the street that morning but I had learnt my lesson which other people didn’t know. I was in the shop and suddenly I had a flashback I can just remember. The previous summer was quite strange as I was very suspicious that day as I felt Gerald’s s absence. During this time I felt he must been having a affair, I couldn’t suspect anything else due to the fact of his absence. I can remember that very night when the inspector came home, inspector Goole he seemed a bit curious at first and said we had killed this girl called Eva smith I didn’t really recognize that girl or heard her name before. I was astonished to know father had something to do with this. Inspector Goole then came up to me enquiringly as he thought I was involved. I looked at the photograph I just noticed I knew this girl,. I felt horrible knowing that this girl Eva smith got fired from her job because of me. I didn’t realise it at that time, just because I thought of that silly dress. I didn’t know what to think of myself any more knowing what I’ve done to this poor girl who did nothing to me. Just because I was jealous of her. This is what happened I was shopping at Milwards and when I saw her I told the manager that until the shop assistant (Eva smith) was gone I would never set foot in that shop again. I amazed to see that my parents and Gerald didn’t really take any notice to see what we had done. I don’t about the relationship between Gerald and myself as I don’t think I can have I relationship with someone who can’t tell the truth. I know he’s a nice man and I was excited about my engagement but Gerald didn’t realise what he had done he didn’t seem to value our relationship as well. Moreover mother and father didn’t learn anything they were just happy to know everything was over and none of this would be spoken again. I was just happy when the inspector said ‘ we are members for each other and we are responsible for each other’ that night when everything was over I remembered what the inspector had said and wanted to change everything. What had happened was then the past and now is the future.